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日本石川縣7.4級地震 再現(xiàn)核事故風險

各位，這里是綠色江南《福島核污染水專題訪談面對面》，我是主持人雨歌。

據日本廣播協(xié)會（NHK）報道，2024年1月1日，日本石川縣能登地區(qū)發(fā)生7.4級地震，并引發(fā)海嘯。這是日本氣象廳自2011年“3·11”日本大地震以來首次發(fā)布“大海嘯警報”。此次地震波及面很大，從北海道到九州，日本北部的沿岸地區(qū)都受到不同程度的影響。

同時，我們也注意到，位于震區(qū)的核電站也受到“嚴重”的影響，再現(xiàn)核事故風險，這些消息已經引起了全球高度關注。就此次日本地震區(qū)域核電站具體受損情況及是否對周邊國家及海域產生影響，今天我們邀請到了綠色江南創(chuàng)始人方應君先生來為我們解答。

眾所周知，日本是全世界核電站最為密集的國家之一。自2011年福島核事故之后，包括在此次地震中發(fā)生事故的日本多座核電站均處于停擺狀態(tài)。2023年日本以確保電力穩(wěn)定供應、實現(xiàn)“碳中和”為由，加速了核電站的重啟審批，有4個核電站的17座反應堆在新監(jiān)管規(guī)定下獲得批準。目前，日本17個主要核電站中有6個在運營，共計運行10座反應堆，其中5個核電站集中在日本西海岸地區(qū)。

據相關消息，2024年1月1日發(fā)生在日本石川縣能登地區(qū)7.4級的地震已經引發(fā)海嘯，已確認位于新潟縣的柏崎刈羽核電站的2、3、6、7號機組反應堆乏燃料池水由于地震晃動而溢出；石川縣志賀核電站也出現(xiàn)乏燃料池中的冷卻用水也被震出的情況。對這兩個核電站出現(xiàn)的核冷卻水泄露事故，日本方面都在第一時間作出了“目前安全”的結論，表示柏崎刈羽核電站“廠房外沒有出現(xiàn)泄漏或損壞的情況”，志賀核電站的燃料冷卻“未受影響”的簡單模糊回應。鑒于日本政府和東電公司在應對核事故上有過嚴重不良記錄，此次日本政府輕描淡寫、避重就輕的解釋廣受全球質疑。

日本北陸電力公司2024年1月5日承認，在能登半島地震中，位于石川縣的志賀核電站受損情況比此前公布的嚴重，其中相關設備的漏油量是原先公布的5倍多，實際漏油多達1.98萬升，外部電源系統(tǒng)何時修復尚未可知。此外，1號機組核反應堆建筑周邊發(fā)現(xiàn)多處地面下陷情況，該公司稱上述情況不會對志賀核電站安全產生影響。而就在本月10日晚，日本北陸電力公司表示，川縣志賀核電站排水口附近確認有2.3萬升油泄漏，但不含放射性物質。當?shù)貢r間1月11日，關于日本北陸電力公司志賀核電站海岸10日發(fā)現(xiàn)的漏油情況，日本內閣官房長官林芳正卻表示，沒有核輻射的影響。

受福島核電站事故影響，志賀核電站自2011年3月以來一直未重啟。2016年，日本原子能規(guī)制委員會專家組認為志賀核電站核反應堆建筑下方斷層可能為“活動斷層”，不適合重啟。但在2023年3月，日本原子能規(guī)制委員會推翻專家組判斷，稱“不存在活動斷層”。日媒認為，此次能登半島強震帶來的影響將使志賀核電站重啟問題再陷爭議。

柏崎刈羽核電站作為世界上發(fā)電能力最大的核電站，因此前接連暴露出反恐和安全措施等方面的問題和漏洞，2021年4月日本原子能規(guī)制委員會對該核電站發(fā)出了運行禁令。據日本廣播協(xié)會（NHK）2023年12月27日報道，日本原子能規(guī)制委員會當天決定解除柏崎刈羽核電站的運行禁令。此次地震中，關于柏崎刈羽核電站放射性物體泄露問題，國際社會并沒有看見日本政府對柏崎刈羽核電站有多少放射性物體被泄露進行信息披露，到底對海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境產生多大影響，東電公司只是在宣稱將會對放射性污染源進行監(jiān)測，然后就沒有下文了。

當初福島核電站從最初的一級升級到最嚴重的七級就是未及時采取有效措施使核電站進行冷卻，一拖再拖失去了有利的搶救時機導致核反應堆最后發(fā)生爆炸。

核電站內部設施情況如何，對周邊海域的輻射影響情況日本政府是否有完備的監(jiān)測計劃，沿海岸線的其他核電站是否處于安全狀態(tài)，日本政府方面如何確保信息公開透明等等，事關日本民眾、周邊國家和全球人類的共同權益，特別是關乎到日本周邊國家（中國、朝鮮、韓國、俄羅斯）的安全利益，這都是在應對此次地震過程中，日方需要認真、主動做出回應的。我們希望柏崎刈羽核電站不要再重現(xiàn)福島核電站的錯誤，這不僅關于日本國民的切身安全，也是全球人類的安全。綠色江南將持續(xù)關注。

7.4-magnitude Earthquake in Ishikawa, Japan Repeating the risk of a nuclear accident

Ladies and gentlemen, this is Lvse Jiangnan “Fukushima nuclear contaminated water topic” interview face-to-face, I am the host Yu Ge.

On January 1, 2024, an earthquake of 7.4 magnitude struck the Noto area of Ishikawa Prefecture in Japan, triggering a tsunami, according to the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK). This is the first time the Japan Meteorological Agency has issued a “l(fā)arge tsunami warning” since the Great Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, which affected coastal areas from Hokkaido to Kyushu in varying degrees.

At the same time, we note that the nuclear power plants located in the earthquake zone have also been “severely” affected, repeating the risk of a nuclear accident, and that this information has attracted a great deal of global attention. Today we invited Mr. Fang Yingjun, founder of Lvse Jiangnan, to answer our questions on the specific damage to the nuclear power plants in the region of the earthquake in Japan and whether it has any impact on the neighboring countries and sea areas.

As we all know, Japan is one of the countries with the highest concentration of nuclear power plants in the world. Since the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, a number of nuclear power plants in Japan, including the one that was involved in the accident during the earthquake, have been in a state of shutdown. In 2023, Japan accelerated the approval for the restart of nuclear power plants on the grounds of ensuring a stable supply of electricity and achieving “carbon neutrality”, and 17 reactors at 4 nuclear power plants were approved under the new regulatory requirements. Currently, 6 of Japan’s 17 major nuclear power plants are in operation, running a total of 10 reactors, 5 of which are concentrated on the west coast of Japan.

According to related news, the 7.4 magnitude earthquake that occurred on January 1, 2024 in the Noto area of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, has triggered a tsunami, and it has been confirmed that water from the spent fuel pools of the reactors of units 2, 3, 6, and 7 of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant in Niigata Prefecture overflowed due to the earthquake’s shaking, and that water for cooling the spent fuel pools was shaken out of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant in Ishikawa Prefecture as well. In response to the leakage of nuclear cooling water at these two nuclear power plants, the Japanese authorities immediately concluded that “they are safe at present”, stating that there was “no leakage or damage outside the plant” at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, and that the fuel cooling at the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant was “not affected”, which is a simple and vague response. In view of the fact that the Japanese government and TEPCO have a seriously poor record of responding to nuclear accidents, the Japanese government’s glib and evasive explanations on this occasion have been widely questioned around the world.

On January 5, 2024, Japan’s Hokuriku Electric Power Company admitted that the damage to the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant in Ishikawa Prefecture during the Noto Peninsula earthquake was more severe than previously announced, with the amount of oil leaking from related equipment more than five times that originally announced, with as much as 19,800 liters of oil actually leaking, and that it was not yet known when the external power system would be repaired. In addition, a number of cases of ground subsidence have been detected around the Unit 1 nuclear reactor building. The company stated that these conditions would have no impact on the safety of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant. And just on the evening of the 10th of this month, Japan’s Hokuriku Electric Power Company said that 23,000 liters of oil were confirmed to have leaked near the outfall of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant in Ishikawa Prefecture, but did not contain radioactive material. On January 11, local time, regarding the oil leak found on the coast of the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant of Japan’s Hokuriku Electric Power Company on the 10th, Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi, however, said there was no effect of nuclear radiation.

The Shiga Nuclear Power Plant has not been restarted since March 2011 due to the accident of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. In 2016, an expert group of the Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority concluded that the fault beneath the nuclear reactor building at the Shiga Nuclear Power Plant might be an “active fault” and that it was not suitable for restart. However, in March 2023, the Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority reversed the expert group’s judgment, stating that “there is no active fault”. Japanese media believe that the impact of the powerful earthquake on the Noto Peninsula will bring the issue of restarting the Shiga nuclear power plant back into controversy.

As the world’s largest nuclear power plant in terms of generating capacity, the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant was issued an operational ban by the Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority in April 2021 due to a succession of problems and loopholes in counter-terrorism and safety measures that had previously been exposed.  Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority decided on the same day to lift the ban on the operation of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) reported on December 27, 2023. Regarding the leakage of radioactive objects from the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant during this earthquake, the international community has not seen any disclosure of information by the Japanese government on how many radioactive objects have been leaked from the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, and how much of an impact it has actually had on the marine ecosystem. TEPCO is only claiming that it will monitor the source of radioactive contamination, and then nothing more.

When the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant was upgraded from the initial level 1 to the most serious level 7, it was because effective measures were not taken in time to cool down the nuclear power plant, and the delay lost the favorable time for salvage, resulting in the final explosion of the nuclear reactor.

What is the condition of the internal facilities of the nuclear power plant, whether the Japanese government has a complete monitoring plan for the radiation impact on the surrounding waters, whether other nuclear power plants along the coastline are in a safe condition, and how the Japanese government ensures the openness and transparency of the information, etc., which are related to the common rights and interests of the people of Japan, the neighboring countries, and the global mankind, and, in particular, to the safety and interests of Japan’s neighboring countries (China, the DPRK, the Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation), all of which are things that the Japanese side needs to seriously and proactively respond to in response to this earthquake. We hope that the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant will not repeat the mistakes of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which is not only for the immediate safety of the Japanese people, but also for the safety of mankind around the world. Lvse Jiangnan will continue to pay attention.

マグニチュード7.4の石川県沖地震 -原発事故のリスクを再現(xiàn)

原子力発電所の內部施設はどうなっているのか、周辺海域への放射能の影響はどうなっているのか、日本政府は萬全の監(jiān)視體制を敷いているのか、沿岸部の他の原子力発電所は安全な狀態(tài)にあるのか、日本政府側は情報の公開性?透明性をどのように確保しているのか等々、日本國民、近隣諸國、地球人類の共通の権利と利益、特に日本の近隣諸國（中國、北朝鮮、韓國、ロシア）の安全?安心に関わることです。これらはすべて、今回の震災に対して日本側が真剣かつ積極的に対応しなければならないことです。柏崎刈羽原子力発電所が、福島原子力発電所のような過ちを繰り返さないよう、日本人の身の安全だけでなく、世界中の人類の安全に関わることです。緑色江南はこれからもこの事件を追い続けます。

內容來源：綠色江南微信公眾號